Civilisition of The MAYA

Civilisition of The MAYA

Is a civilization spanning much of Central America, currently known as Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and El Salvador, and within five southern states of Mexico: Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco and Yucatan.

The ancien Maya

Originally founded during the pre-classical period, around 2000 BC to 250 AD, according to the chronology of Central America, many Mayan cities reached their highest level of sophistication during the classical period, from about 250 m to 900 m, Its peak was 700 BC, and continued during the post-classical period until the Spanish invasion of the Americas.

The stereotype of the Mayan mask reflects the post-classical period, exhibited in the National Museum of Anthropology and History in the state of Campeche, Mexico.

Geographic Range Central America

The period 2000 BC - 1546 AD

During this time, there were hundreds of dialects in the region, which now spawned some 44 different Maya languages.

The Mayan civilization was known for its written language and evolution in art, architecture, mathematics and astronomy in the pre-Columbian era.

The history of the ancient Maya civilization is divided into three main periods, namely pre-classical; classical; and post-classical.

 These three periods were preceded by the so-called old age, which witnessed the first settlements and early development in agriculture.

Modern scholars believe that these periods represent the random divisions of the Mayan civilization chronology, rather than referring to cultural development, periods of decline and degradation.

 The precise definition of the dates of the beginning and end of a certain era can sometimes be met by up to a century.

The pre-classical phase lasted for the most part from 2000 BC to 250 AD; it was followed by the classical phase, which lasted from 250 AD until 950 AD, and then came the post-classical period, beginning from 950 AD until the middle of the 16th century , And each period is divided into several periods also:

The chronology of Mayan civilization [5] The name of the era of the division of history

Ancient Age [6] 8000 - 2000 BC

Pre-Classical Classical Pre-Classical Age 2000 - 1000 BC

Pre-Classical Middle Middle Early 1000 - 600 BC

Middle Middle 600 - 350 BC

Pre-classical late-first 350 BC - 1 BC

Middle 1 m _ 159 m

Its end is 159 m - 250 m

The classical era starts at 250 m - 550 m

Middle of 550 m - 830 m

The end of 830 m - 950 m

The post-classical era began at 950 m - 1200 m

The end of 1200 AD - 1539 AD

The Age of External Communication 1517 - 1697 [7]

Pre-Classical Period (2000 BC - 250 AD)

The capitals of the Mayan kingdoms differed considerably in size and area, and were apparently associated with the number of their cities.

 Each capital was trying to control as many cities as possible to obtain larger amounts of tribute in the form of goods and also in search of manpower.

The most prominent forms of taxation were Mayoacacao pottery, textiles and feathers.

The social base of the ancient Mayan civilization was an extensive economic and political network that included the entire Maya region as well as some Central American regions.

The dominant political organizations were located in the lowlands; during that period, the southern and low-lying northern lands had a marginal role in the economic, cultural and political spheres.

Although these centers, located between the center and the ocean, were considered important trading centers.

 Pyramids, temples and palaces are the most important monuments, constructed in the centers of the largest ancient Mayan cities.

At this time, the use of hieroglyphic writing on the effects was widely spread, leaving a lot of information including the dated records of royal strains, alliances and other interactions between the political systems of the Maya.

During the classical period, stone carvings scattered throughout the Mayan kingdoms, carved paintings and low circular altars are the hallmarks of the classical Mayan civilization.

 During the classical era, the majority of the Mayan kingdoms in the southern lowlands held monuments in their ceremonial center.

The scholar of inscriptions and writings David Stuart suggested that the Mayans considered the monument as if it were stone trees, but later modified its reading, which means stone science.

According to Stewart, these stone obelisks can be referred to as vertical-pattern versions, which are located in prominent positions in Mayan centers, as shown in the ancient Mayan murals. The main purpose of the monument is to glorify the king.

The Mayan civilization took part in the trade to a long distance.

Important trade routes extended from the Motagua River to the Caribbean, and then north to the coast of Yucatan Island.

 Another trade route sprang from Verapaz along the Abbathion River to the commercial port of Canquin.

 From there, other routes appeared from the east to Belize, from the north to the center and north of Bettine, and trade went further, reaching the Gulf of Mexico and the western coast of the Yucatan Peninsula.

 Important commercial products include jade, soft pottery and feathers, as well as incense, salt and cocoa.